They are not named in pre-exilic sources except in the biblical report of the building of Solomon's Temple in I Kings, where the names of three months, two of them also attested in the Phoenician calendar, are given the months are usually numbered rather than named. The second Hebrew term for month, hodesh, properly means the "newness" of the lunar crescent. The calendar term here is yereah, which in Hebrew denotes both "moon" and "month." The inscription indicates the length of main agricultural tasks within the cycle of 12 lunations.
The earliest datable source for the Hebrew calendar is the Gezer Calendar, written probably in the age of Solomon, in the late 10th century BC.
The Bible refers to calendar matters only incidentally, and the dating of components of Mosaic Law remains doubtful. Knowledge of the Jewish calendar in use before the period of the Babylonian Exile is both limited and uncertain.
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